精神遅滞児・者における曖昧画像同定と偶発記憶再生に対する反復プライミング効果
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This pilot study investigates implicit and explicit memory in mentally retarded persons over two retention intervals， 40 minutes and 1 week. Six mentally retardates (MRs) and eight college students (CSs)were initially shown 40 sets of degraded pictures where each consisted of six stages ranging from very degraded to intact. Subjects were shown increasingly complete versions of each stimulus and asked to identify them. After a retention interval of 40 minutes， half of the stimuli were re-presented with some new pictures. And one week after the initial study phase all pictures were presented again. In addition, subjects were asked to recall the names of the pictures without having been told in advance. This incidental recall test was performed three times; immediatelly after the initial presentation，before the second experiment began (one week after)，and at the end of the whole experiment. The results show significant facilitation of picture identification (repetition priming) had happened in both groups and the effects of this priming were not reduced significantly even after one week retention interval. The magnitude of the facilitation was not different in either group at any test phase. In contrast， recall rates of incidental memory in CSs were always better than in MRs. CSs recalled more items which had been presented more times，whereas MRs showed little such tendency， which could not be distiguished from recency effects. The dissociation of two types of memory performance was discussed.
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