Seasonal variations in ocean structure and current in Ongul Strait, Antarctica, in 1991

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Ocean structure and current were observed below fast ice in Ongul Strait, Antarctica, over a nearly full annual cycle in 1991. In the austral fall, fresh, cold and oxygen-rich water accumulates in the upper layer. This water is diffused or mixed with the lower-layer water gradually in winter. From spring to summer, warm, saline and oxygen-poor water appeared in the mid-depth and deep layers. These features seem to be common in every year. Horizontal oceanic advection is dominant in the heat and salt budget. In spite of no direct wind forcing and negligible thermohaline forcing, the current in Ongul Strait is found to be strong, with a typical velocity being 0.3m/s. The strong current is confined only to the upper 100-300m from the surface. The direction of the mean current changes drastically from southward to northward in May.
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