On the Fresh-Water Microfauna of the Antarctic Region. II. Stabilityof Faunistic Composition of Antarctic Microorganisms

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概要

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• The colonization of Antarctica by microorganisms has been analyzed during 1963-1966 by four ways of approach-faunological, sociological, biogeographical, and experimental-using material mainly from Langhovde, Syowa Station, McMurdo Sound, and the Ongul Islands. The first three of these overlap to some extent, and the experimental approach may also provide some clues to this problem. Representative genera of the strictly Antarctic microfauna are : Actinopoda : Actinophris. Rhizopoda : Amoeba, Chaos, Astramoeba, Euglypha, Corythion, Thecamoeba, Trinema, Microcorycia, Cryptodifflugia, Centropyxis, Difflugia, Arcella, Diplochlamis, Leptochlamys, Assulina, Vahlkampfia, Cochliopodiun, Microgromia, Tracheleuglypha, Hyalosphenia, etc. Ciliata : Colpoda, Homalogastra, Cyclidium, Trichopelma, Spathidium, Dileptus, Paradileptus, Opistotricha?, Holotricha, Pauroleptus, Pyxidium?, Vorticella?, Blepharisma, Nassula, Frontonia, Halteria, Strombilidium, etc. Rotatoria : Habrotrocha, Mniobia, Adineta, Rotaria, Pleuretra, Philodina, Macrotrachela, Encentrum, Lepadella, Lecane, Monostyla, etc. Gastrotricha : Lepidoderma, Chaetonotus. Tardigrada : Hypsibius, Diphascon, Echiniscus, Paraechiniscus, Milnesium, Macrobiotus, Isohypsibius, pseudechiniscus, etc. Without exception, these genera are regarded as "cosmopolitan" in distribution, frequently and abundantly encountered in both the xerophilous and hygrophilous biotopes of the regions of temperate climate, including Japan. And the occurrence-correlation of the above genera belongs to SUDZUKI's types 1-3. One characteristic of the Antarctic community is found in the density of individuals rather than in the numbers of genera involved-in this respect, the Antarctic community is quite similar to the Himalayan one occurring at altitudes above 5200m. The experiment in which 0.094ml of capillary moss-water from Tokyo was dropped into Antarctic Bryosystem and Chalikosystem revealed the following : 1) At least three types of species can be distinguished ecologically : a) easily adaptable; b) fairly adaptable; and c) slightly adaptable to the Antarctic condition. 2) To a) belong the majority of xerophilous, to b) hygrophilous and to c) some hydrophilous species. Now, we have arrived at a preliminary conclusion that Antarctic microfauna is relatively constant in composition, for all the transported species are, judging from our laboratory experiment, not always adapted to life in the Antarctic, and that only xerophilous and hygrophilous microorganisms can live in the Antarctic at present. Perhaps, some hydrophilous species found in the Antarctic today must have reached there in very recent times and have been adapting themselves to the Bryosystem of this region.

• 国立極地研究所の論文

著者

• Sudzuki Minoru

  Biological Lavoratory Jissen Womanユs University

• Sudzuki Minoru

  Biological Laboratory Nihon University

• Shimoizumi Jukichi

  Tokyo Universityof Education

関連論文

• Marine Interstitial Testacea from Plau Pinang,Malaysia
• ON THE MICROFAUNA OF THE ANTARCTIC REGION III. MICROBIOTA OF THE TERRESTRIAL INTERSTICES
• On the Fresh-Water Microfauna of the Antarctic Region. II. Stabilityof Faunistic Composition of Antarctic Microorganisms
• On the microfauna of the Antarctic region III. Microbiota of the terretrial interstrices

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