低分解性キチナーゼの設計と利用
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概要
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本総説は、活性化糖供与体と、不活性化酵素を組み合わせて用いる酵素的糖鎖合成反応についてまとめたものである。糖オキサゾリン誘導体を糖供与体とし、さまざまな糖受容体へのグリコシダーゼ触媒による糖転移反応を行なうことにより、キチン、プロテオグリカン、N-結合型コアオリゴ糖鎖といった多糖・オリゴ糖の合成がなされた。これらの反応は、酵素が本来の基質に対して加水分解活性を示さない塩基性条件下で行なわれるため、効率よく進行した。本反応を中性条件下で行なうため、野生型酵素に比べて低い加水分解活性型のBacillus circulans WL-12由来キチナーゼA1の変異型酵素が調製された。その結果、いくつかの変異型キチナーゼA1は、中性条件下においても優れた触媒能を示すことが明らかとなった。これらの反応は、オリゴ糖やオリゴ糖含有マクロモノマーのstep-wise合成に応用された。調製されたオリゴ糖含有マクロモノマーとN-イソプロピルアクリルアミドのラジカル共重合反応により、オリゴ糖含有熱応答性高分子が合成された。One-pot化学-酵素合成法の新しい方法として、水溶媒中での脱水縮合剤による無保護糖の直接活性化法と、グリコシダーゼ触媒反応を組み合わせて用いる反応についてもあわせて述べる。N-アセチルヘキソサミンを有するオリゴ糖を転移するこの新しい手法は、糖鎖合成における有望なツールとなるであろう。
- 2007-05-02
著者
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KOBAYASHI Atsushi
Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University
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KOHRI Michinari
Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
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SHODA Shin-ichiro
Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
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Kohri Michinari
Department Of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School Of Engineering Tohoku University
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Shoda Shin-ichiro
Department Of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School Of Engineering Tohoku University
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Kobayashi Atsushi
Department Of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology
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